Human Rights

Human rights vs. animal rights

One of the left wing’s most depressing ironies is how the same people who can be so dismissive toward live human babies will often move mountains to protect endangered species or animals subjected to inhumane conditions – how some people can have less empathy for a member of their own species than they do those of another.

Though she didn’t adopt that position herself, one of our commenters recently alluded to the backward thinking that makes it possible:

I know what you’d say to an animal rights activist who argues that the industrial food industry imposes a “holocaust” on livestock every single day. You’d posit that animals aren’t granted the same station and rights that people are in our society, and you’d be right. So, I’d remind you that fetuses and embryos aren’t granted the same station and rights as persons are in our society, and I’d be right.

Is societal consensus really all that distinguishes the unborn from animals? No, but believing so is a logical conclusion from pro-aborts’ flawed premises.

Once you deny natural human rights and the possibility of souls (or any comparable source of human sanctity), you’re left with only a few ways to determine the ethical treatment of living beings. Arguably the most substantive of these is a utilitarian framework that grants organisms respect and protection proportional to their ability to experience suffering or desire things that harm would deny them. So, for instance, it’s okay to abort an embryo that won’t feel anything and doesn’t know what it’s missing out on, but slaughtering suffering cows is monstrous. The difference between man and beast is no longer one of kind, but merely of degree.

Such a worldview may be consistent, but it ultimately fails because it denies both human and animal nature, and how the difference between the two really is one of kind. In the animal kingdom, survival of the fittest is the natural order, a world of predator and prey, where ethics and rights are completely alien concepts. This is a truth which Benjamin Franklin illustrates with simple intuition in his autobiography:

Hitherto I had stuck to my resolution of not eating animal food, and on this occasion I considered, with my master Tryon, the taking every fish as a kind of unprovoked murder, since none of them had or ever could do us any injury that might justify the slaughter. All this seemed very reasonable. But I had formerly been a great lover of fish, and when this came hot out of the frying-pan, it smelt admirably well. I balanced some time between principle and inclination, till I recollected that, when the fish were opened, I saw smaller fish taken out of their stomachs. Then thought I, “If you eat one another, I don’t see why we mayn’t eat you.”

Humans, though, are vastly different. One of the defining differences between man and beast is our rationality: the ability to reflect on our nature, our place in the world, and to rise above instinct – an ability that yields uniquely human phenomena such as philosophy, religion, culture, government, charity, art, and more. No genetic roll of the dice can account for this difference; it makes sense only if there is something unique to humanity, some miraculous source of our potential that is so different from animal worth that it demands an entirely different, more rigorous framework for determining when and whether it can be extinguished.

Dennis Prager explains the danger of a world where human life isn’t recognized as sacred – “if we are not [created in God’s image], we are created in the image of carbon dioxide. Which has a higher value is not difficult to determine.”

That is why over the course of 30 years of asking high school seniors if they would first try to save their dog or a stranger, two-thirds have voted against the person. They either don’t know what they would do or actually vote for their dog. Many adults now vote similarly.

Why? There are two reasons. One is that with the denial of the authority of higher values such as biblical teachings, people increasingly make moral decisions on the basis of how they feel. And since probably all people feel more for their dog than they do for a stranger, many people without a moral instruction manual simply choose to do what they feel.

The other reason is that secular values provide no basis for elevating human worth over that of an animal. Judeo-Christian values posit that human beings, not animals, are created in God’s image and, therefore, human life is infinitely more sacred than animal life […]

That is why a Tucson, Ariz., woman last year screamed to firefighters that her “babies” were in her burning house. Thinking that the woman’s children were trapped inside, the firemen risked their lives to save the woman’s three cats.

Those inclined to dismiss these examples as either theoretical (the dog-stranger question) or extreme (the Tucson mother of cats) need to confront the very real question of animal experimentation to save human lives. More and more people believe as PETA does that even if we could find a cure for cancer or AIDS, it would be wrong to experiment on animals. (The defense that research with computers can teach all that experiments on animals teach is a lie.) In fact, many animal rights advocates oppose killing a pig to obtain a heart valve to save a human life.

Equating humans with animals and reducing our rights to whatever our fellow citizens are kind enough to bestow upon us might be useful in justifying the killing of the unborn, but ultimately, doing so creates a world none of us should want to live in.

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  • Hoss

    “One of the defining differences between man and beast is our rationality”

    That’s true of *some* men, but not all. Your criterion for human exceptionalism is actually quite dangerous to human life. It would deny rights to even newborn infants, whose capacity for “rationality” is nonexistent.

    We don’t assign rights to humans based on their ability for rational thought, and for good reason. You may be more rational than, say, a mentally handicapped person, but that doesn’t mean you have the right to kill that person for trivial reasons like palate pleasure.

    • Peter

      No, you haven’t understood the concept yet.

      To be honest though, Calvin hasn’t quite articulated it correctly; the traditional conception is that Humans are animals with rational SOULS (caps for emphasis). This was the conception not only in Judaism and Christianity, but was also the predominant view of the Greeks and the Romans (Plato, Socrates, and Aristotle all held to this view).

      Because this concept sees the defining human characteristics grounded in their souls, and not their body; then the fact that their body might not allow for their latent rational capacities to be exercised is not an infringement on their rational soul; the soul is capable of rational thought, but it currently lacks the tools it needs to fulfill it’s potential. Thus a child, or a person with a mental impairment, is not considered to be lacking rationality; but instead is unable to express it fully.

      That said, the Greeks and Romans didn’t see human life has having sanctity because such a notion was foreign to their Polytheism; but that’s a separate discussion.

      • Hoss

        I understand the concept of souls, Peter. However Calvin — whether or not he intended to — made quite a different argument.

    • http://twitter.com/CalFreiburger Calvin Freiburger

      Well, then it’s a good thing that I *didn’t* assign rights based on the ability for rational thought. Read it again.

      • Hoss

        Well, let’s see. You wrote:

        “Such a worldview [the claim that ethical treatment of human and non-human animals follows from the fact that both are sentient] may be consistent, but it ultimately fails because it denies both human and animal nature, and how the difference between the two really is one of kind.”

        Okay then. So what’s the nature of this supposedly categorial difference? What makes it okay to torture and kill an animal for trivial reasons like, say, palate pleasure, but wrong to treat a human the same way?

        “…our rationality: the ability to reflect on our nature, our place in the world, and to rise above instinct…”

        That’s a superficially reassuring difference until one realizes that not all humans have such an ability. By linking ethical treatment (i.e. “rights”) with “rationality,” you ironically place in jeopardy not only animals and the unborn, but also newborns, infants, the comatose, the senile, stroke victims, mentally handicapped individuals, and more. Your reasoning, when taken to its logical conclusion, “creates a world none of us should want to live in.”

        • http://twitter.com/CalFreiburger Calvin Freiburger

          Sorry, but you still don’t seem to be reading what’s right in the article. I didn’t say rationality is what makes humans sacred (and see Peter’s comment for the difference between acting rationally and being a being w/ a rational nature); I said it was one of a couple indicators of humanity’s uniqueness – the other being that humanity alone has any conception of morality.

          • Hoss

            But Calvin, you’re still on the same shaky ground as before. Just as with the ability to reason, a “conception of morality” is not a universal trait among humans. Infants lack a conception of morality. Some comatose people have no conception of morality (or of anything else, for that matter). And so on. We don’t rank the basic worth of these people as a function of the sophistication of their moral sense.

            And yes, we can try to get around the problem by arguing that humans are of the “kind” of creature that has rationality and a moral sense. But that’s a debater’s trick; the boundaries of “kind” are arbitrary.

            We might as well say that adults are of a “kind” and fetuses are of another “kind”: one has rationality and morality, the other has none. But it seems kind of disingenous (to me, at least) to use that argument for denying fetuses the right to life.

            Likewise, drawing the boundary at “species” is another arbitrary distinction. Despite the simplistic definition we learn in high-school biology, the idea of “species” is largely a taxonomical abstraction invented by humans; it isn’t a feature of the real world. And regardless of how we classify them, both human and non-human animals have the capacity to think and feel. Both have the desire to live and be free of suffering. *Those* are the qualities that make it wrong to torture and murder them; whether they are rational or moral creatures is irrelevant.

  • Hoss

    It’s also worth noting that Franklin’s argument for killing the fish was in jest; as he himself described his rationalization a few lines later:

    “So convenient a thing it is to be a reasonable Creature, since it enables one to find or make a Reason for every thing one has a mind to do.”

    In this, Franklin was absolutely right. We humans are great at rationalizing our exploitation of others — regardless of whether those others are human or non-human animals.

  • Bygonya

    ” Thou shalt not kill. ” There is no asterisk by that commandment that states “unless it has fur, hooves, scales etc.” Also the Bible says that slavery is ok. And that you should stone a cheater to death. It also states that one of the things God hates most is the killing of innocents.

    • EliDraconis

      Actually, it says “Thou shalt not MURDER.” There’s a big difference between the Hebrew words for ‘kill’ and ‘murder.’ “Murder” is the unnecessary taking of an innocent human life. Also, the Bible states in both Genesis and Acts that killing animals for food is acceptable. The Torah explicitly details how sacrificial animals and passover lambs are to be slaughtered and prepared. The Bible does not actually say slavery is ok, it simply addresses how slaves should behave and how their masters should treat them; it does not explicitly approve. It was written in a time when slavery was considered the norm and considering how often the Bible treats slaves as human beings and uses slavery as a metaphor for man’s relationship with sin it’s almost as if the scripture is sub textually frowning on the whole institution. As for adultery, God cannot allow sin to go unpunished and sexual sins are considered particularly heinous; which is why such stern punishments are attached to them in the old testament. However, that changes when Jesus comes to take the sin of the world on himself, hence the pardoning of the adulteress in John chapter 8. To your final point: Yes, one of the things God hates most is the murdering of innocents; That’s the point, that’s why we’re Pro-Life.

      • Bygonya

        Rationally murder is the taking of an INNOCENT life.
        In the Garden of Eden we were given plants to eat, NOT animals; killing animals for food was only said to be “acceptable” AFTER the flood; to me that is very telling.
        As for the sacrificing of lambs and other animals, did it ever occur to you that part of the reason such things are detailed is to show how terrible and torturous it was, you know, for the animals. I can’t read the whole Bible right now to see whether you are right about slavery; so I’ll leave that be. However my view of the meaning of slavery in the Bible is quite different than yours, but that’s for another time.
        Interestingly, considering your statements about sexual sins, Jesus says that the only reason divorce was said to be ok was because people were stubborn, and He states that unless you have been cheated on by your wife/husband, you will be considered to be cheating if you divorce and then go get with someone else. The point of the pardoning of the adulteress was that all people have sinned so what right have they to condemn and hand out punishment. It was not that somehow it wasn’t so serious anymore. I would also like too point out that many of you don’t seem to care much about the children once they’ve been born. And if you’re so Pro-Life shouldn’t you be telling people to adopt.
        God hates killing of innocents; animals are innocent, and it is nothing but selfishness to kill just so you can have a certain food (interestingly a food that harms you).
        I am Pro-Life, however unlike some very hypocritical people I am Pro-All-Life. Do not claim to be something that you are not; you cannot be Pro-Life unless you are Pro-All-Life.

        • Brendan Padellford

          If you don’t have time to read the whole Bible stop pretending you know what it actually says. Seriously. EliDraconis is spot on, especially about slavery. What you DO need to realize however is that the Jewish version of slavery was much different from what you would consider slavery today. They were much more like indentured servants and were actually treated well.
          The Bible acknowledged the slave’s status as the property of the master (Ex. 21:21; Lev. 25:46).The Bible restricted the master’s power over the slave. (Ex. 21:20)The slave was a member of the master’s household (Lev. 22:11).The slave was required to rest on the Sabbath (Exodus 20:10; Deut. 5:14).The slave was required to participate in religious observances (Gen. 17:13; Exodus 12:44; Lev. 22:11).The Bible prohibited extradition of slaves and granted them asylum (Deut. 23:16-17).The servitude of a Hebrew debt-slave was limited to six years (Ex. 21:2; Deut. 15:12).When a slave was freed, he was to receive gifts that enabled him to survive economically (Deut. 15:14).

        • Brendan Padellford

          Everything harms me. I’m going to die regardless of whether I eat meat or not. If I have to die I’m going to do it with bacon in my belly; thanks.

    • Julie

      slavery is ok if the slave owner respects there slave as a servant. You obviously only read a sentence, not a paragraph, or a page for that matter

  • http://twitter.com/AlphaRedFox Garnet Renaud

    I do not see a shortage of humans in the world nor do I see a lack of
    inhumane action against other humans throughout history. When comparing
    social conditions in the modern US to that of industrial revolution
    England strum of the heart to bring a tear to ‘lack of humanity” to the
    issue of abortion is ironic.